Applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) include biochemistry applications (imaging the structure of biological molecules, cellular components, cells or tissues), chemistry, materials science and ...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a form of scanning probe microscopy, is a technique where a cantilever with a sharp tip is systematically scanned across a sample (biological or material) surface to ...

Break-even can be calculated using the contribution method. This involves working out the contribution that each product sold provides towards the fixed costs of a business. Firstly, a business must ...

It is often possible to separate the reinforcement from the matrix by physical processes. For example, reinforced concrete can be broken up using machinery. This is one stage in recycling the ...