Impaired vision and blindness are not uncommon. About 3.4 million people in the U.S. are visually impaired. Vision is usually measured by visual acuity charts, and normal vision is expressed as 20/20.

The Jaeger chart was designed to test near vision acuity. Eduard Jaeger von Jaxtthal (1818–1884) was an Austrian ophthalmologist and a professor at the University of Vienna who, in the 1850s, made ...

IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and media viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Visit the IIIF page to learn more. Eye chart with an inscription that ...