The versatile phase-locked loop (PLL) allows multiplication of a reference frequency with an operating frequency that ranges from “DC to daylight.” A PLL is overkill for some applications, however, ...

In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created self-assembled, protein-based circuits that can perform simple logic functions. The work demonstrates that it is possible to create stable digital ...

The previous article examined the concept of logic gates. They can be made from discrete and active electronic components, although today logic gates are available within integrated circuits. In this ...

Now a Chinese team, led by Peng Zhou and Wenzhong Bao at Fudan University, has developed a top-gate (TG) 2D ...

Living cells make decisions based on information processing genetic programmes. Many of these programmes execute digital functions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The capability to build synthetic digital systems in ...

A new way to make complete and programmable logic circuits that combine both memory and logical processing in a single structure has been unveiled by physicists in Germany. Such structures could lead ...