Proteoglycans are ubiquitous molecules that function as critical components of the extracellular matrix. These proteins are composed of glycosaminoglycan chains that are covalently attached to a ...

LA JOLLA, CA—Scientists at Scripps Research have developed a set of methods for the closer study of one of the least-accessible, least-understood players in biology: protein-sugar conjugates called ...

What keeps bones able to remodel themselves and stay healthy? A team has discovered clues to the key function of non-collagen protein compounds and how they help bone cells react to external load. The ...

Around 500 million years ago, early vertebrates in the seas became fish, adopting an inner skeleton and a flexible spine based on a nanocmposite of fibers and mineral, known as bone material. This ...