One way of reading Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is as a railing against the way in which the remnants of the medieval economy restricted both economic freedom and economic growth. True, it's not the ...

dark ages from the early Middle Ages to around 1000 were over, the towns and cities developed so much that there was a need for a stable supply of crafts. However, the craftsmen in the Dark Ages ...

One of the ways, a true and correct method too, of reading Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is as a complaint against the medieval economy of guilds. There's more to it than just that of course but he ...

In his native England, James Pearce says, the guilds are everywhere. Drawing on a practice that dates back to medieval times, a guild is a group of craftspeople or merchants who've banded together ...