In this report, the authors evaluated the utility of a topical cooling spray as a way to reduce pain during intravenous cannulation in an emergency department setting. The study group compared 103 ...
Background: Established noninvasive pharmacologic means of alleviating pain and anxiety in children undergoing intravenous cannulation are time-consuming, and thus impractical for routine use in the ...
McGrath PJ, McAlpine L. Psychologic perspectives on pediatric pain. J Pediatr 1993;122(5 Pt 2):S2–8.
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