Chern-Simons theory represents a pivotal framework in theoretical physics, characterised by its topological nature and the absence of local degrees of freedom in the bulk. At its core, the theory ...

Gauge fields describe the basic interactions between charged particles and are responsible for various emergent topological phases of matter. This concept recently has been further generalized to ...

Philosophy of Science, Vol. 68, No. 3, Supplement: Proceedings of the 2000 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association. Part I: Contributed Papers (Sep., 2001), pp. S371-S381 (11 pages) ...

Shotgun gauges are determined by the number of lead balls of a given diameter required to make one pound of that size ball. In other words 20 balls of 20-gauge diameter are needed to make one pound; ...

At long last, a unified theory combining gravity with the other fundamental forces—electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces—is within reach. Bringing gravity into the fold has been the ...