Secondary production of species in multi-species assemblages can be used to quantify bottom-up linkages with flow webs, top-down linkages with ingestion/production webs and trophic position ...

A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade. Ecology 91, 2742-2755 (2010). Power, M. E. Habitat heterogeneity and the functional significance of fish in river food webs.