The purpose of a phase locked loop (PLL) is to generate a frequency and phase-locked output oscillation signal. To achieve this goal, prior art essentially functioned ...

Discover how frequency combs, specialized lasers with evenly spaced frequencies, enable precise light frequency comparison and scientific measurements.

The analysis of RF and microwave signals in the frequency domain used to be the forte of the spectrum analyzer, but now it’s become a choice between signal analyzers and digital oscilloscopes. How did ...

Fundamental to all wireless communications is modulation, the process of impressing the data to be transmitted on the radio carrier. Most wireless transmissions today are digital, and with the limited ...

I designed the circuit in Figure 1 as a part of a data transmission system that has a carrier frequency of 400 kHz using on-off keying (OOK) modulation. I needed to detect the presence of the carrier ...

The need for high-frequency semiconductor devices is surging, fueled by growing demand for advanced telecommunications, faster sensors, and increasingly autonomous vehicles. The advent of ...

Every modern computer has a microprocessor in it, but not many have a digital signal processor (DSP). Since the CPU is a digital device, it clearly processes digital data, so you might wonder what the ...

The distinction between analog and digital signals is very simple, but it can still be a challenge to wrap one's mind around the concepts that define the two systems. Just when you think you've got it ...