For millennia, atoms had been phantoms, widely suspected to exist but remaining stubbornly invisible — though not indivisible, as their name (Greek for “uncuttable”) originally implied. By the start ...

Controversial research suggests the Big Bang may be a myth due to its reliance on the Doppler effect theory. This idea says the universe is neither expanding, nor contracting; instead it is steady, ...

Quantum field theory (QFT) provides a comprehensive framework for describing the fundamental interactions of matter and radiation. In the context of atom‐field interactions, QFT elucidates how atoms ...