Computer hardware and software are vital components of diverse systems. Advances in data collection and analysis and ever-increasing computational power and availability mean that that computers are ...

Nature Communications acknowledges that when assessing application-oriented manuscripts, the level of novelty will likely be below that typically observed in more fundamental work. Instead, the ...

In our era of intense innovation-based global competition, policymakers increasingly look for demonstrable connections between public investment in research and tangible economic and security benefits ...

Scientists have always needed someone to help foot the bill for their work. In the 19th century, for example, Charles Darwin made an expensive voyage to the southernmost tip of the Americas, visiting ...

As the federal administration has moved to slash public funding for research and education at all levels, and as the government now enters into what could be a prolonged shutdown, many researchers are ...

Applied research is aimed at gaining knowledge or understanding to determine the means by which a specific, recognized need may be met. In industry, applied research includes investigations oriented ...

Ryan Summers receives funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He is affiliated with the Association for Science Teacher Education (ASTE), NARST, ...