In just 8 years, Selim I reshaped the Islamic world—defeating rivals, conquering vast lands, and claiming the caliphate. This ...

On May 24, 1565, the Ottoman Empire unleashed a devastating artillery barrage on Malta’s Fort St. Elmo, marking the beginning ...

Catherine the Great © Catherine II was Empress of Russia for more than 30 years and one of the country’s most influential rulers.

The central bureaucracy of the Ottoman Empire adapted the empire's economic, monetary, and military institutions to changing circumstances with a degree of flexibility and pragmatism that permitted ...